Difference between revisions of "Alto Giove"

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{{Short description|song attributed to Giuseppe Giordani}}
{{Short description|aria written for Farinelli by Nicola Porpora}}
<!-- For references and quotations, see Template:Cite_web -->
<!-- For references and quotations, see Template:Cite_web -->
{{Infobox musical composition
{{Infobox opera
| name               = Caro mio ben<!-- use |list_title= if list -->
| name             = Polifemo
| subtitle            =
| italic title      = <!-- yes / no; defaults to yes -->
| type                =  
| genre            = opera seria
| composer           = attributed to [[Giuseppe Giordani]]
| composer         = [[Nicola Porpora]]
| image               = Front caro mio ben.jpg
| image             = Polifemo - title page of revised libretto.jpg
<!-- free image only -->
| image_upright    =
| image_size          =  
| alt               =  
| alt                 = Cover of "Caro mio ben"
| caption           = English title page of the revised version of Nicola Porpora's opera ''Polifemo''
| border              = <!-- Set to yes for a border -->
| description      =  
| caption             = Cover of "Caro mio ben"<ref name="IMSLP"/>
| native_name       =  
| translation        =  
| native_name_lang  = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| native_name         =  
| translated_name  = Polyphemus
| native_name_lang   = it
| other_name        =  
| full_title          = Caro mio ben
| librettist        = [[Paolo Rolli]]
| full_title_English =
| language         = Italian
| other_name          =
| based_on          = Metamorphoses by Ovid
| key                =
| premiere_date    = {{Start date|1735|02|01}}
| catalogue          =
| premiere_location = King's Theatre
| opus                =
| ISWC                =
| year                = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY}} (1583 & after only) -->
| period              =  
| genre              =  
| style              =
| form                =
| related            =
| occasion            =  
| client              =
| written            = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|end_date={{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
| text                =
| libretto            = uncertain
| language           =  
| based_on           =
| meter              =
| time                = <!-- time signature if unusual or worth mentioning -->
| composed            = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|end_date={{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
| dedication         =  
| performed          = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
| published          = before or around {{circa}}{{date|1785}}
<!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} --><!--supposedly hAudio microformat-->
| publisher          =
| first_recording    =
| duration            = <!-- {{Duration|m=3|s=45}}, optional h parameter for hours --><!-- supposedly hAudio microformat -->
| movements          =
| scoring            =
| solo                =
| vocal              =
| instrumental        =
| comment            =
| premiere_date      =
| premiere_location  =
| premiere_conductor  =
| premiere_performers =
| misc                =
| Audio sample?      = <!-- Set to yes if an audio sample is needed, places page in [[Category:Song articles missing an audio sample]] -->
}}
}}
'''"{{lang|it|Alto Giove}}"''', sung by the character Aci in Porpora's "Polifemo", has been brought to great popularity by the motion picture Farinelli, where the protagonist prominently sings it. The poignant thanks to his creator for the gift of immortality that comes at the ultimate price resonated with the audiences, 
'''"{{lang|it|Alto Giove}}"''', sung by the character Acis (Italian: {{lang|it|Aci}}) in [[Nicola Porpora]]'s "''[[Polifemo]]''", has been brought to great popularity by the motion picture ''Farinelli''<ref name="IMDB"/>, where the protagonist prominently sings it. The poignant thanks to his creator for the gift of immortality that comes at the ultimate price summarized the theme of the movie perfectly and also resonated with the audiences.<p>
 
"{{lang|it|Alto Giove}}" is a showpiece of Porpora's artistry as much as it is of his pupil's, [[Farinelli]]. The beautiful lyrical composition shows Porpora's deep musicality – and his trust in Farinelli's ability to captivate the audience in the absence of vocal stunts.<ref name="IMSLP"/><p>
a<ref name="Wiki"/>
"{{lang|it|Alto Giove}}" appears on the following album:
 
It appears on the following album:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 72: Line 33:


|-
|-
| 2003
| 2013
| [[À sa guitare (Album)]]
| [[Farinelli – Porpora Arias]]
| [[Thibaut Garcia]]
| [[Venice Baroque Orchestra]]
| Philippe Jaroussky
| [[Andrea Marcon]]
|}
|}
==Libretto==
==Libretto==
Line 84: Line 45:
<div class="eighteenth">  
<div class="eighteenth">  
{{Template:Song header
{{Template:Song header
| title            = Caro mio ben
| title            = Alto Giove
| english-title    = Oh gentle Maid
| english-title    = Mighty Jove
| composer        = [[Giuseppe Giordano]]
| composer        = [[Nicolo Antonio Porpora]]
| lyricist        = uncertain
| lyricist        = [[Paolo Antonio Rolli]]
| work            =  
| work            = [[Polifemo]]
| role            =  
| role            = [[Aci]]
}}</div>
}}</div>
{{Clear|left}}
{{Clear|left}}
Line 96: Line 57:
{{Libretti
{{Libretti
| country =Italy
| country =Italy
| language-note =Modern Italian
| language-note =
| libretto-text =<poem>{{lang|it|Caro mio ben
| libretto-text =<poem>{{lang|it|Alto Giove
credimi almen
è tua grazia è tuo vanto
Senza di te'
Il gran dono di vita immortale
languisce il cor
Che il tuo Cenno sovrano mi fà


Caro mio ben
Ma il rendermi poi quella
Senza di te'
Già sospirata tanto
languisce il cor
Diva amorose e bella
 
è un dono senza uguale come la tua beltà}}<ref name="IMSLP"/></poem>
Il tuo fedel
sospira ogn'or
Cessa crudel tanto rigor
 
Caro mio ben
credimi almen
Senza di te'
languisce il cor}}<ref name="IMSLP"/><ref name="GoogleBooks"/></poem>
}}{{Libretti
}}{{Libretti
| country =United Kingdom
| country =United Kingdom
| language-note =
| language-note =
| libretto-text =<poem>My dearest,
| libretto-text =<poem>Mighty Jove,
At least believe me,
by your grace and your merit,  
Without you
your sovereign gesture bestows upon me
My heart grows weak.
the gift of immortal life.


My dearest,
But to finally return to me the one
Without you
for whom I have already sighed so much,
My heart grows weak.
lovely and beautiful goddess,
 
is a nonpareil gift, like your beauty.</poem>
Your faithful one
Sighs every hour
Cease your cruel ordeal
 
My dearest,
At least believe me,
Without you
My heart grows weak.</poem>
}}{{Clear|left}}
}}{{Clear|left}}
{{Libretti
{{Libretti
| country =United Kingdom
| country =Germany
| language-note =Non-literal Historic Translation
| language-note =
| libretto-text =<poem>O gentle Maid
| libretto-text =<poem>{{lang|de|Großer Jupiter,
hear now my sighs
durch deine Gnade und deinen Verdienst
For thee my Heart
verleiht mir deine hoheitliche Geste
in secret dies
das Geschenk unsterblichen Lebens.<ref name="FR"/>


Hear now my sighs
Aber mir sodann die Eine zurückzugeben
for thee my heart
Um die ich schon so viel geseufzt habe,
in secret dies
liebevolle und schöne Göttin,
ist ein Geschenk so unvergleichlich wie deine Schönheit.}}<ref name="FR"/>
</poem>}}
</div>
{{Clear|left}}


Grace with thy smile
==Context==
those lips divine
The Aria opens Act III, Scene 5. The stage direction reads: {{lang|it|"S'apre la rupe: vedesi la sorgente d'un fiume. Aci, nume del medesimo, appoggiato sull'urna e detti."}} ("The cliff opens: we see the source of a river. Aci, deity of the same, leaning on the urn, and the former.")<ref name="Libretti"/>
Peace join't with bliss must soon be mine


O gentle Maid
==Background==
hear now my sighs
Translator's Commentary: It seems likely that the character Acis (Italian: {{lang|it|Aci}}) does not address the same person in part A as he does in part B, for several reasons.<p>
For thee my Heart
For one, the libretto itself suggests it; to praise to Jove's beauty seems an unlikely thing to do. Second: The libretto exists in two versions, likely mirroring two sets of performances. One does have "Alto Giove" as well as "Nell'attendere"<ref name="Libretti"/>, the other does not. As it seems unlikely that Porpora would cut two hit-pieces from the opera and replace "Alto Giove" with a duet, the theory that the shorter libretto is the later one is disputable.<ref name="Wiki"/>.<p>
in secret dies<ref name="IMSLP"/><ref name="GoogleBooks"/></poem>}}
However, even the libretto where an "Alto Giove" exists does not list the B-Part. In the collection of music titled ''The Favourite Songs in the Opera call'd Polypheme by Sigr. Porpora'' printed for the devoted audience later, the B-Part seems originally to be missing; it is literally glued on.
</div>
[[File:Part b alto giove.jpg|thumb|alt=B-Part of "Alto Giove"|B-Part of "Alto Giove"<ref name="IMSLP"/>]]
{{Clear|left}}
<p>
Musically, the B-part with its triple-meter does not very fit very well with the A-part and is slightly higher in tessitura which also suggests it was added as an afterthought with the sole purpose to serve as an excuse for the {{lang|it|da capo}}.
<p>
Conclusion: {{lang|it|"Diva amorosa e bella"}} might be a fond address. As Acis pleads that Galatea may be restored to him (which excludes her), this leaves one other character, Nerea, who is only existent in the version of the libretto which contains "Alto Giove" – (or a different goddess altogether who might have appeared beside Jove).<ref name="Libretti"/> What supports the theory of it being Nerea is that the latter appears in the preceding scene, and that, responding to Galatea's plea to Jove to restore Acis to her, she ushers in the new scene (and Acis's aria) with {{lang|it|"T'ascoltò Giove, ed annuì co 'l ciglio."}} ("Jove heard you and nodded.") (FR, 2021)


==Manuscripts and sheet music==
==Manuscripts and sheet music==
[[File:Incipit of "Caro mio ben".jpg|thumb|alt=Incipit of "Caro mio ben"|Incipit of "Caro mio ben" <ref name="IMSLP"/>]]
*A selection of Arias from Polifemo<br>
*British Library
:Royal College of Music (Public Domain)<br>
{{cite book
:Misc. Notes RCM Library item D1424/4<br>
:OCLC 22913312<br>
:{{cite book
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |date=
  |date=
  |title=Caro mio ben, A Celebrated Song Sung by Sigr. Pacchierotti, with Universal Applause at the Concert for the Musical Fund, at the Opera House, Composed by Sigr. Giordani.
  |title=The Favourite Songs in the Opera call'd Polypheme by Sigr. Porpora.  
  |url=https://www.google.de/books/edition/Caro_mio_ben_A_Celebrated_Song_sung_by_S/Ux41xbeqd_gC?hl=de&gbpv=0
  |url=https://imslp.org/wiki/Polifemo_(Porpora,_Nicola_Antonio)
  |location=London
  |location=London
  |publisher=J. Preston, {{circa}}{{date|1785}}
  |publisher=John Walsh, {{circa}}{{date|1735}}
  |page= <!-- or pages= -->
  |page= <!-- or pages= -->
  |isbn=
  |isbn=
}}
}}<ref name="IMSLP"/>
*Alternative link: IMSLP:  
*Libretto at {{URL|http://www.librettidopera.it/index.html|Libretti d'Opera Italiani}}<ref name="Libretti"/>
{{cite book
:{{cite web
|url=http://www.librettidopera.it/zpdf/polifemo1735_bn.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001183105/http://www.librettidopera.it/zpdf/polifemo1735_bn.pdf
|title=Polifemo
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
|author-link=
  |date=
  |date=
  |title=Caro mio ben, A Celebrated Song Sung by Sigr. Pacchierotti, with Universal Applause at the Concert for the Musical Fund, at the Opera House, Composed by Sigr. Giordani.
  |website=Libretti d'Opera Italiani
  |url=https://imslp.org/wiki/Caro_mio_ben_(Giordani%2C_Tommaso)
  |publisher=
  |location=London
  |archive-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
  |publisher=J. Preston, {{circa}}{{date|1785}}
  |access-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
  |page= <!-- or pages= -->
  |quote=}}
|isbn=
*Score
}}
:Porpora, Nicola (1686-1768), Polifemo
:Title on source: Polifemo, Poesia del Sigr. Paolo Rolli, Musica Del Sigr. Nicolò Porpora. Londra 1735.
:Material: score (3 vol.): 80, 69, 78f.
:Manuscript copy: 1735 (1735); 22,5 x 28,5 cm
:Library (siglum) shelfmark: London, The British Library (GB-Lbl) R.M.23.a.7-9.
:RISM ID no.: 800190005<ref name="OPAC"/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Wiki">{{cite web
|title=Giuseppe Giordani
|website=Wikipedia
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Giordani
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001103134/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Giordani
|archive-date={{date|2021-10-01|MDY}}
|access-date={{date|2021-10-01|MDY}}
|url-status=live
}} </ref>
<ref name="IMSLP">
<ref name="IMSLP">
{{cite book
{{cite book
Line 205: Line 155:
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |date=
  |date=
  |title=Caro mio ben, A Celebrated Song Sung by Sigr. Pacchierotti, with Universal Applause at the Concert for the Musical Fund, at the Opera House, Composed by Sigr. Giordani.
  |title=The Favourite Songs in the Opera call'd Polypheme by Sigr. Porpora.  
  |url=https://imslp.org/wiki/Caro_mio_ben_(Giordani%2C_Tommaso)
  |url=https://imslp.org/wiki/Polifemo_(Porpora,_Nicola_Antonio)
  |location=London
  |location=London
  |publisher=J. Preston, {{circa}}{{YEAR|1785}}
  |publisher=John Walsh, {{circa}}{{date|1735}}
  |page= <!-- or pages= -->
  |page= <!-- or pages= -->
  |isbn=
  |isbn=
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="GoogleBooks">
<ref name="IMDB">
{{cite book
{{cite web
|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109771/
|title=International Movie Database
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001174000/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109771/
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=Farinelli
|publisher=
|archive-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|access-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|quote=}}
</ref>
<ref name="Libretti">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.librettidopera.it/zpdf/polifemo1735_bn.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001183105/http://www.librettidopera.it/zpdf/polifemo1735_bn.pdf
|title=Polifemo
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=Libretti d'Opera Italiani
|publisher=
|archive-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|access-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|quote=}}
</ref>
<ref name="FR">English and German Translation: FR, 2021</ref>
<ref name="Wiki>
{{cite web
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifemo_(opera)
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230825/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifemo_%28opera%29
|title=Polifemo (Opera)
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=Wikipedia
|publisher=
|archive-date={{date|2021-10-2|MDY}}
|access-date={{date|2021-10-2|MDY}}
|quote=}}
</ref>
<ref name="OPAC">
{{cite web
|url=https://opac.rism.info/
|archive-url=
|title=RISM-OPAC
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
|author-link=
  |date=
  |date=
  |title=Caro mio ben, A Celebrated Song Sung by Sigr. Pacchierotti, with Universal Applause at the Concert for the Musical Fund, at the Opera House, Composed by Sigr. Giordani.
  |website=
  |url=https://www.google.de/books/edition/Caro_mio_ben_A_Celebrated_Song_sung_by_S/Ux41xbeqd_gC?hl=de&gbpv=0
  |publisher=
  |location=London
  |archive-date=
  |publisher=J. Preston, {{circa}}{{YEAR|1785}}
  |access-date={{date|2021-10-2|MDY}}
  |page= <!-- or pages= -->
  |quote=}}
|isbn=
</ref>
}}
}}
</ref>


}}
==External links==
*{{cite web
|url=https://www.filmdienst.de/film/details/65963/farinelli
|title=Farinelli
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=Internationaler Filmdienst
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001174045/https://www.filmdienst.de/film/details/65963/farinelli
|publisher=
|archive-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|access-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|quote=}}
*{{cite web
|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109771/
|title=Farinelli
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001174000/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109771/
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=International Movie Database (IMDB)
|publisher=
|archive-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|access-date={{date|2021-10-1|MDY}}
|quote=}}
 
[[Category:18th-century music]]
[[Category:18th-century music]]
[[Category:secular]]
[[Category:secular]]

Latest revision as of 11:14, 3 October 2021

Polifemo
opera seria by Nicola Porpora
Polifemo - title page of revised libretto.jpg
English title page of the revised version of Nicola Porpora's opera Polifemo
TranslationPolyphemus
LibrettistPaolo Rolli
LanguageItalian
Based onMetamorphoses by Ovid
Premiere
February 1, 1735 (1735-02-01)
King's Theatre

"Alto Giove", sung by the character Acis (Italian: Aci) in Nicola Porpora's "Polifemo", has been brought to great popularity by the motion picture Farinelli[1], where the protagonist prominently sings it. The poignant thanks to his creator for the gift of immortality that comes at the ultimate price summarized the theme of the movie perfectly and also resonated with the audiences.

"Alto Giove" is a showpiece of Porpora's artistry as much as it is of his pupil's, Farinelli. The beautiful lyrical composition shows Porpora's deep musicality – and his trust in Farinelli's ability to captivate the audience in the absence of vocal stunts.[2]

"Alto Giove" appears on the following album:

Year Album Ensemble Conductor
2013 Farinelli – Porpora Arias Venice Baroque Orchestra Andrea Marcon

Libretto

Alto Giove
(Mighty Jove)

from  Polifemo
Nicolo Antonio Porpora (music),  Paolo Antonio Rolli (words)

(Aci)


‎

Italy

Alto Giove
è tua grazia è tuo vanto
Il gran dono di vita immortale
Che il tuo Cenno sovrano mi fà

Ma il rendermi poi quella
Già sospirata tanto
Diva amorose e bella
è un dono senza uguale come la tua beltà[2]

United Kingdom

Mighty Jove,
by your grace and your merit,
your sovereign gesture bestows upon me
the gift of immortal life.

But to finally return to me the one
for whom I have already sighed so much,
lovely and beautiful goddess,
is a nonpareil gift, like your beauty.

Germany

Großer Jupiter,
durch deine Gnade und deinen Verdienst
verleiht mir deine hoheitliche Geste
das Geschenk unsterblichen Lebens.[3]

Aber mir sodann die Eine zurückzugeben
Um die ich schon so viel geseufzt habe,
liebevolle und schöne Göttin,
ist ein Geschenk so unvergleichlich wie deine Schönheit.[3]

Context

The Aria opens Act III, Scene 5. The stage direction reads: "S'apre la rupe: vedesi la sorgente d'un fiume. Aci, nume del medesimo, appoggiato sull'urna e detti." ("The cliff opens: we see the source of a river. Aci, deity of the same, leaning on the urn, and the former.")[4]

Background

Translator's Commentary: It seems likely that the character Acis (Italian: Aci) does not address the same person in part A as he does in part B, for several reasons.

For one, the libretto itself suggests it; to praise to Jove's beauty seems an unlikely thing to do. Second: The libretto exists in two versions, likely mirroring two sets of performances. One does have "Alto Giove" as well as "Nell'attendere"[4], the other does not. As it seems unlikely that Porpora would cut two hit-pieces from the opera and replace "Alto Giove" with a duet, the theory that the shorter libretto is the later one is disputable.[5].

However, even the libretto where an "Alto Giove" exists does not list the B-Part. In the collection of music titled The Favourite Songs in the Opera call'd Polypheme by Sigr. Porpora printed for the devoted audience later, the B-Part seems originally to be missing; it is literally glued on.

B-Part of "Alto Giove"
B-Part of "Alto Giove"[2]

Musically, the B-part with its triple-meter does not very fit very well with the A-part and is slightly higher in tessitura which also suggests it was added as an afterthought with the sole purpose to serve as an excuse for the da capo.

Conclusion: "Diva amorosa e bella" might be a fond address. As Acis pleads that Galatea may be restored to him (which excludes her), this leaves one other character, Nerea, who is only existent in the version of the libretto which contains "Alto Giove" – (or a different goddess altogether who might have appeared beside Jove).[4] What supports the theory of it being Nerea is that the latter appears in the preceding scene, and that, responding to Galatea's plea to Jove to restore Acis to her, she ushers in the new scene (and Acis's aria) with "T'ascoltò Giove, ed annuì co 'l ciglio." ("Jove heard you and nodded.") (FR, 2021)

Manuscripts and sheet music

  • A selection of Arias from Polifemo
Royal College of Music (Public Domain)
Misc. Notes RCM Library item D1424/4
OCLC 22913312
The Favourite Songs in the Opera call'd Polypheme by Sigr. Porpora. London: John Walsh, c.1735.[2]
"Polifemo" (PDF). Libretti d'Opera Italiani. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Score
Porpora, Nicola (1686-1768), Polifemo
Title on source: Polifemo, Poesia del Sigr. Paolo Rolli, Musica Del Sigr. Nicolò Porpora. Londra 1735.
Material: score (3 vol.): 80, 69, 78f.
Manuscript copy: 1735 (1735); 22,5 x 28,5 cm
Library (siglum) shelfmark: London, The British Library (GB-Lbl) R.M.23.a.7-9.
RISM ID no.: 800190005[6]

References

  1. ↑ "International Movie Database". Farinelli. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Favourite Songs in the Opera call'd Polypheme by Sigr. Porpora. London: John Walsh, c.1735.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 English and German Translation: FR, 2021
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Polifemo" (PDF). Libretti d'Opera Italiani. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  5. ↑ "Polifemo (Opera)". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  6. ↑ "RISM-OPAC". Retrieved October 2, 2021.

External links

  • "Farinelli". Internationaler Filmdienst. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • "Farinelli". International Movie Database (IMDB). Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
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